PASSIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE
Definition of Passive Voice
Passive voice is a form of sentence where the subject of the sentence takes action, not takes action. Unlike active voice which focuses on the party doing the action (doer of action), this form focuses more on the party or object that receives the result of an action (receiver of action).
example of passive voice
| * Active | My parents plant some flowers (Pelaku aksi) |
| * Passive | Some flowers are planted by my parents (Penerima aksi) |
Passive Voice Formulas
To form a passive sentence, the following simple formula is usually used but still has to be adjusted to the tense of the sentence. Passive Voice FormulasPassive Voice Formulas
To form a passive sentence, the following simple formula is usually used but still has to be adjusted to the tense of the sentence. Passive Voice Formulas
| Tense | Rumus Passive Voice | Contoh Passive Voice |
| Simple Present | am/is/are + pp | is created |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are being + pp | is being created |
| Simple Past | was/were + pp | was created |
| Past Continuous | was/were being + pp | was being created |
| Present Perfect | has/have been + pp | has been created |
| Past Perfect | had been + pp | had been created |
| Simple Future | will be + pp | will be created |
| Future Continuous | am/is/are going to be + pp | is going to be created |
| Future Perfect | will have been + pp | will have been created |
The use of passive sentences with perfect continuous tenses is usually rarely done because it results in a sentence structure that is too complicated and difficult to understand. Therefore, this should be avoided even if it is grammatically correct.
Rumus Passive Voice
Passive voice dibentuk dari auxiliary verb dan past participle (verb-3).
| auxiliary verb + past participle |
|---|
Auxiliary verb yang digunakan pada passive voice dapat berupa:
- primary auxiliary verb “be” (is, are, am, was, were),
- kombinasi antara dua primary auxiliary verb (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been), atau
- kombinasi primary auxiliary verb dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been)
Adapun past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive. Past participle diperoleh dengan menambahkan -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne pada base form berupa regular verb. Pada base form berupa irregular verb, bentuk past participle tidak konsisten.
Mengubah Active Voice Menjadi Passive Voice
Active atau normal voice dapat diubah bentuknya menjadi passive voice (prosesnya disebut passivization) dengan skema sebagai berikut.
| active voice | passive voice |
|---|---|
|
subject (doer of action) ++object (receiver of action) |
subject (receiver of action) +auxiliary verb +past participle (verb) +/-by … (doer of action) |
Doer of action (pelaku aksi) yang dinyatakan dalam by-phrase pada passive voice biasanya tidak disebutkan. Sebutan konstruksi kalimat dalam passive voice dimana pelaku aksi tidak sebutkan adalah short passive atau agentless passive. Alasannya antara lain karena pelaku aksi tidak diketahui, tidak penting atau menarik, untuk menghindari tanggungjawab, atau kalimat merupakan academic writing, khususnya berhubungan dengan science (ilmu pengetahuan).
Rumus Passive Voice berbagai Tenses
| tense | active voice | passive voice |
|---|---|---|
| simple present tense | verb-1 | am/is/are + verb-3 |
| present continuous tense | am/is/are + -ing | am/is/are + being + -ing |
| present perfect tense | have/has + verb-3 | have/has + been + verb-3 |
| simple past tense | verb-2 | was/were + verb-3 |
| past continuous tense | was/were + -ing | was/were + being + verb-3 |
| past perfect tense | had + verb-3 | had + been + verb-3 |
| simple future tense | will + bare infinitive | will + be + verb-3 |
| am/is/are going to + bare infinitive | am/is/are going to + be + verb-3 | |
| future perfect tense | will + have + verb-3 | will + have + been + verb-3 |
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Beberapa Tense
| 1 | I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.) simple present tense |
| 2 | My shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.) simple present tense |
| 3 | The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) simple past tense |
| 4 | The store will be closed. (Toko itu akan ditutup.) simple future tense |
| 5 | The room is being cleaned now. (Ruangan itu sedang dibersihkan sekarang.) present continuous tense |
Lihat juga:
Penggunaan dan Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
- Passive voice digunakan ketika doer of action tidak diketahui.
Contoh Kalimat Active dan Passive Voice
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Someone knocked on your door last night. (Seseorang mengetuk pintumu semalam.) |
Your door was knocked on last night. (Pintumu diketuk semalam.) |
| Somebody has used the computer without permission. (Seseorang telah menggunakan komputer itu tanpa izin.) |
The computer has been used without permission. (Komputer itu telah digunakan tanpa izin.) |
- Passive voice digunakan ketika doer of action tidak penting untuk disebutkan (misalnya karena pelaku aksi tersebut sudah jelas / bisa ditebak atau merujuk kepada orang secara umum).
Contoh Kalimat Active dan Passive Voice
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| You can view the final results on the internet. (Kamu dapat melihat hasil-akhirnya di internet.) |
The final results can be viewed on the web. (Hasil akhirnya dapat dilihat di internet.) |
| People rarely do this intentionally. (Orang-orang jarang melakukan ini dengan sengaja.) |
This is rarely done intentionally. (Ini jarang dilakukan dengan sengaja.) |
| The teacher instructed the students to solve the math problem. (Guru itu memerintahkan para siswa untuk menyelesaikan soal matematika.) |
The students were instructed to solve the math problem. (Para siswa diperintahkan untuk menyelesaikan soal matematika.) |
- Passive voice digunakan untuk memberi penekanan pada object.
Contoh Kalimat Active dan Passive Voice
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Sunmark Press published The Enzyme Factor at the first time in 2005. (Sunmark Press mempublikasikan The Enzyme Factor pertama kali di tahun 2005.) |
The Enzyme Factor was published at the first time in 2005 by Sunmark Press. (The Enzyme Factor dipublikasin pertama kali di tahun 2005.) |
| I have to collect more than 20,000 dollars to buy the car. (Saya harus mengumpulkan lebih dari 20,000 dollar untuk membeli mobil itu.) |
More than 20,000 dollars have to be collected to buy the car. (Lebih dari 20,000 dollar harus dikumpulkan untuk membeli mobil itu.) |
- Passive voice digunakan sebagai variasi pada tulisan (misalnya pelaku aksi telah disebutkan pada kalimat sebelumnya).
Contoh Kalimat Active dan Passive Voice
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| The investigators knew that she had returned to Indonesia. They arrested her yesterday. (Para penyelidik tahu bahwa dia telah kembali ke Indonesia. Mereka menahannya kemarin.) |
The investigators knew that she had returned to Indonesia. She was arrested yesterday. (Para penyelidik tahu bahwa dia telah kembali ke Indonesia. Dia ditahan kemarin.) |
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